The production history of plastic bags

This magical material "ancestors" is the most abundant plant cellulose.
In 1845, living in a city northwest Switzerland Basel chemist Cybertron do experiments in the home, accidentally met with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid on the table, he quickly picked up his wife's apron to wipe the mixed acid on the table. After a hectic, he will apron hanging to the oven baked, unexpectedly Apron "poof" burn, instantly reduced to ashes. Cybertron returned to the lab with the "great discovery", repeated "accident". After many tests, finally found the reason of Cybertron: the main component of the original cloth apron is cellulose, mixed liquid contact it with concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, generated a cellulose nitrate fat, which is later used nitrocellulose widely. Cybertron found plasticity, nitrocellulose and manufactured, used it for something is not permeable. He was interested in it made some beautiful bowls, cups, bottles and teapot. He admired his these masterpieces, also specially wrote to his friend the famous scientist Faraday, the unexpected harvest. But Faraday was not concerned about, until the emergence of a photographer. Photographer Alexander Parkes has many hobbies, photography is one of them. In nineteenth Century, it is not like today to buy off the shelf photographic film and chemicals, must often make their own need something. So each photographer must also be a chemist.
One of the photography material used is "collodion", it is a kind of "NC" solution, i.e. in alcohol and ether nitrate cellulose solution. When it is used for the photosensitive chemicals stick on the glass, to produce the equivalent of similar to today's photographic film.
In nineteenth Century 50 time, Parkes examined the different processing method of collodion. One day, he tried to put the collodion cotton blended with camphor. To his surprise, a hard material can be produced after mixing the bending. Parkes said the substance is "Pakexin", that is the first plastic.
Parkes "Pakexin" to produce all kinds of items: comb, pen, buttons and jewelry Indian jewelry. However, Parkes is not a commercial sense, and also in their own business venture lose money. In twentieth Century, people began to find new uses of plastics. Almost all products in the family can be produced by certain plastics.
Continue to develop the work of Parkes and profit from it to other inventors to do. John Wesley Hyatt this printer from New York saw the chance in 1868, at that time a manufacturing billiards companies complain ivory shortage. Hyatt improved manufacturing processes, and to "Pakexin" a new name - "Celluloid" (fake Ivory - "). He had a ready market from the billiard manufacturer, and later used plastic produce various products.
The early plastic fire easily, which limits the range of manufacturing products using it. The first successful high temperature resistant plastic is "bakelite" (i.e. phenol intoxicated plastic "). Leo Bekrand received the patent in 1909.
In 1909, American Baekeland first synthesized phenolic plastics. In twentieth Century 30, nylon comes, is known as "by coal, air and water than synthetic spider silk, fine, stronger than steel, is better than that of silk fiber". They appear as then the invention and production of various plastic laid the foundation. Due to the development of petroleum and chemical industry in the Second World War, plastic raw materials with oil instead of coal, the plastic manufacturing industry has also been rapid development.
Plastic is a very light material, with very low temperature heating can make it soft, easily made into various shapes of things. Plastic product color bright, light weight, no fear of falling, economic and durable, it came not only to people's life has brought a lot of convenience, but also greatly promoted the development of industry.
However, the invention of plastic less than 100 years, if the people to tread their birth, they are having to deal with these full in life, to human living environment poses great threat to things and rack one's brains. Plastic is from coal or oil in the chemical extraction of petroleum products, once produced very difficult to natural degradation. Plastic buried in the ground 200 years will not rot degradation, the amount of plastic waste landfill in the ground, would undermine the permeability of soil, soil compaction, influence the growth of plant. If the cattle eat mixed with feed or residue in the field of plastic, may cause deaths due to gastrointestinal obstruction.